Metal-turning tool.



J. HARTNESS.

' METAL TURNING TOOL.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 13, 1909.

Patented Mar. 19, 1912.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

COLIJMUlA PLANOGRAPN co., WASHINGTON. U4 c.

J. HARTNESS.

METAL TURNING TOOL.

APPLICATION FILED Mums, 1009.

Patented Mar. 19, 1912.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

coLulmlA Pumonluvn CO..WASHINDTON. n. I.

J.- HARTNESS.

METAL TURNING TOOL.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 13. 1909.

Patented Mar. 19, 1912.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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J Fr 43402 R. g Q Q R Zg/dnisiaegac 1Q 2734;

J. HARTNESS.

METAL TURNING TOOL.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 13, 1909.

Patented Mar. 19, 1912.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPI 00-, WASMIm D- C.

JAMES HARTNESS, 0F SPRINGFIELD, VERMONT.

METAL-TURNING TOOL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 19, 1912.

Application filed March 13, 1909. Serial No. 483,163.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES HARTNnss, of Springfield, in the county of Windsor and State of Vermont, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Metal-Turning Tools, of which the following is a specification.

This invention has relation to metal turning tools substantially of the character of those illustrated in. my application Serial No. 463,002, filed November 17 1908, and has for its object to provide certain improvements therein, so that a greater number of adjustments of the work rests and of the cutter may be secured, whereby the tool may be used for turning a variety of diameters on a single piece of work with accuracy.

A further object is to provide means whereby the work rests and the cutter may be maintained in their different adjustments without danger of dislocation.

In the form of tool described in my said previous application, the work rests, which are rotatable are arranged with their axes substantially radial with reference to the axis of the work, but at an inclination to the work with reference to its length so that the end faces of the rests engage the work with both a rolling and a sliding contact. In the present tool, I preserve the same general arrangement of the work rests, and, as the adjustment of the rests for varying diameters of the work entails a movement of the engaging faces of the rests longitudinally of the work as well as transversely thereof, I provide means for so mounting the cutter carrier that the adjustment of the carrier causes a similar longitudinal movement of the edge of the cutter, whereby the same relation between the cutting edge and the work rests is preserved for work of varying diameters.

In the tool described in my previous application, I have provided for adjusting the cutter carrier to either of two predetermined positions so that the cutting edge may be properly located for cutting either of two different diameters. So long as the tool remains sharp and is not worn away, this is satisfactory, and even the wearing away of the tool may be compensated for by adjusting the abutments or stops which locate the carrier in its several positions. This gradual adjustment of the abutments or stops however leaves the cutter carrier out of its proper position when a new tool or a reground' tool is placed therein, and consequently the stops or abutments must be returned to their initial positions with the corresponding loss of time on the part of the operator.

A further object of the present invention therefore is to provide what may be called a compensating or auxiliary adjustment of the cutter carrier for compensating for slight changes in the position of the end of the cutter due to wear of the cutter in use or due to a regrinding or resetting thereof. By the provision of a compensating adjustment, the cutter, as its edge wears away, may be kept with great nicety in the correct position for maintaining the proper diameter of the work without disturbing the stops or abutments, which, after they have been once set, may be allowed to remain untouched. The provision of the major adjustments for the cutter carrier and of the minor or auxiliary compensating adjustment also makes it possible to put a new or reground cutter into the turner and to set the edge thereof into proper position with a minimum effort and expenditure of time on the part of the operator.

In addition to these features which I have mentioned, the invention has for its object to provide certain other improvements in tools of the character referred to, which I have illustrated upon the drawings, de scribed in the following specification, and pointed out in the claims.

Referring to the accompanying drawings,-Figure 1 represents in end elevation a turning tool embodying the invention. Fig. 2 represents a side elevation of the same, the cutter being shown in section. Fig. 3 shows on a larger scale the compensating adj ustment for the cutter carrier. Fig. 4 represents a plan view of the turning tool. Fig. 5 represents a longitudinal section through the same on the line 5--5 of Fig. 1. Fig. 6 illustrates one of the work rests and shows the sleeve in which it is mounted. Fig. 7 represents a section through the upper end of the sleeve and illustrates the means for preventing accidental dislocation of the work rest after it has been set to any particular adjustment. Fig. 8 represents a section on the line 88 of Fig. 5. Fig. 9 represents a section and partial plan on the line 99 18 and 19 illustrate the cutter carrier and the manner in which it is pivotally connected to the frame.

The main frame consists of a frame formed of a casting having a substantially C-shaped body or standard 25 and a base 27 which may be secured by any suitable means to the tool slide of a lathe. The standard has a work-receiving passageway which is open at one side. The body or standard 25 is braced by a web 26 cast integrally therewith and with the base, as clearly shown in Figs. 2, 4 and 5, The shaped body of the frame serves to support the work rests and to it is pivoted a cutter carrier. The work rests are indicated at 30, and they are illustrated as two in number and are located so as to'resist the upward and lateral thrust of the work when it is engaged with the cutter. These rests are substantially of the character of those illustrated and described in my previous appli cation hereinabove identified. Each consists of a rotatable member or disk having a concentric shank 31 which is journaled in a sleeve or bushing 32, the latter being arranged in a cylindrical aperture formed in the standard or body portion of the tool. These apertures are at an inclination to the axis of the work, as best shown in Fig. 5, and the end face of each work rest is beveled. The inner ends of the shanks 31 engage end-thrust bearings consisting of antifriction members 28 and blocks 34 inserted in the open ends of the sleeves 32. The blocks are secured in place by transverse pins 35 which serve an additional purpose as will be explained. As in the tool described in my previous application referred to, the sleeves 32- are provided intermediate of their ends with ribs 37 which may be engaged with the end of any one of a series of screw abutments. In the present instance, I provide four of these abutments for each work rest and they are indicated at 40. Naturally they are arranged at the same distance from the axis of the work rest, so that, by rotating the sleeve 32, the rib 37 may be engaged with the inner end of any one of the four abutments 40 according to the desired diameter of the work. For the purpose of maintaining the rib 37 in its proper relation to the end of the abutment with which it is engaged, the head of each screw or abut ment is provided with a slight depression or socket, so that a spring-pressed pin, which is carried by the sleeve 32 in alinement with the rib 37, may be engaged with said socket. This construction is shown in Fig. 7 in which the socket in the end of the screw or abutment 40 is indicated at 38 and the spring-pressed pin at 89. This pin is, for convenience, mounted in a suitable recess formed in the head 35 of the pin 35 which holds the block 34 in place. The four abutments 40 around each sleeve 32 are locked after adjustment by screw pins 41 42. Each screw pin is so arranged that, when it is forced inward, two of the screw abutments 40 will be engaged and locked.

The cutter carrier is pivoted to the body of the tool and it is indicated as a whole at 45, being illustrated in detail in F 14 to 19 inclusive. Its inner end is provided with two semieylindrical ears 46, 47, said carrier being in plan view substantially yoke-shaped as best illustrated in Fig. 18. This carrier has a two point bearing as will be explained. The ear 46 is located in a socket 48 pro vided in the body of the tool near the base thereof as shown in Fig. 15. The'body of the tool has two lugs 49 and 50 with apertures to receive a pintle 51. The ears 46 and 47 of the carrier are pivoted upon the pintle but are also adapted to be adjusted longitudinally thereon. The rigl'it hand end of the pintle 51 is secured in the lug 50 by a screw or pin 52, whereas the left hand end of the pintle is pass-ed through a plate 53 which is placed in a socket 54 in the front of the body of the tool. The said plate is secured in position by a pin 55 which has a slotted head as illustrated in Fig. 1. The said pin has an eccentric portion 56 engaging the walls of the aperture in the plate so that by rotating the said pin, the plate 53 may be moved laterally of the pintle 51 so as to cause the ear 46 to be located securely against the walls of the socket 48 whereby the pressure on the cutter carrier may be borne by the solid metal of the body of the tool. The pin 55 is held against accidental removal and is also held in the position to which it may be adjusted by a screw 560 and a pin 57, the inner end of said pin bearing against a recessed portion of the pin 55 as illustrated in Fig. 10. To permit the adjustment of the plate 53 so as to effectively socket the carrier in the body of the tool, a loose fit is provided between the pintle 51 and the ear or lug 49.

T have explained that the work rests are arranged at an inclination with respect to the longitudinal lines of the work so that, when the work rests are adjusted for different diameters of the work, their operative portions are moved to some extent longitudinally of the work. It is desirable that the relation of the cutting edge and the work rests should be unvaried and consequently I have arranged the pintle 51 at an inclination to both a vertical plane and a horizontal plane as illustrated in Figs. 12, 13 and 14, so that, when the cutter carrier is swung about the pintle, the cutting edge of the cutter is caused to move not only transversely of the work but also longitudinally to the same extent as the operative portions of the work rests are moved longitudinally when they are adjusted. This movement of the cutter and its carrier will be clearly understood by an examination of Fig. 9 in which the angles of the pintle and one of the work rests are clearly shown. The cutter carrier as stated is adjustable longitudinally of the pintle and to this end the ear 50 is provided with a threaded aperture for an adjusting screw 58, the inner end of which bears against the ear 47 on the carrier. With this construction the cutter carrier may be adjusted longitudinally of the work relative to the work and the work rests.

I provide a multiple adjustment for th cutter carrier so that the cutter may be moved quickly to any one of four different positions just as the work rests may be each located in four separate positions, and in addition I provide means for moving the cutter toward and from the work. To accomplish this I pivot to the outer end of the cutter carrier an arm 60 by means of an eccentric pin 61. The concentric portion of the pin is located in an aperture in the arm 60, whereas the eccentric portion is located in an aperture in the cutter carrier 45. Connected to the pivot pin 61 there is a handle 63 by which it may be oscillated. A spring-pressed pin 64 located in a socket in the carrier engages the eccentric portion of the pin 61 and is adapted to enter a slight notch therein so as to hold the said pin and the handle 63 in the position shown in Fig. 1. The arm 60 is loosely mounted upon the pivot pin to have a slight lateral movement. The upper end of the arm 60 has a head 65 through which is passed a headed screw 66, which I term a compensating adjustment screw. The lower end of the said screw is pointed as illustrated at 67. This compensating screw may be engaged with any one of a series of adjustable abutment screws indicated at 68 which are placed in threaded apertures in an extension 69 projecting upwardly and laterally from the body 25 of the tool. The said screws 68 are arranged in radii of a circle, the center of which is approximately the center of the eccentric pin 61 when the cutter carrier is in its operative position. The head of each screw 68 is provided in its end with a socket to receive the end of the -compensating screw 66. It will be observed from an examination of the drawings that the arm 60 may, through the screw 66, be engaged with any one of the abutment screws 68 so as to locate the edge of the cutter in proper position for the work of the desired diameter. In order to prevent disengagement of the screw 66 from the abutment screw 68, when the cutter is withdrawn from the work by the handle 63 and eccentric pin 61, a locking device is employed. In this instance, a bail 70 is pivoted to the head 65 of the arm 60, and each of the abutment screws 68 is provided with a peripheral flange 71 under which the bail may be slipped or sprung as shown in Fig. 3, the bail being sutliciently yielding to permit this. Other locking de vices may be employed.

The abutment screws may be secured after adjustment by set screws 72 of which there are two, each set screw being arranged to engage two of the abutment screws as shown in Fig. 1. By virtue of the construction thus illustrated and described, it will be seen that the cutter carrier may be quickly adjusted to the desired position by engaging the screw 67 with any one of the abutment screws 68, after which the cutter may be moved to cutting position by oscillating the handle 63 so as to move the carrier relatively to the arm 60. Then as the cutting edge becomes worn, the compensating screw 66 may be adjusted so as to compensate for such wear. To assist the operator in determining the adjustment of the screw 66, it is provided with a pointed curved finger 73 which serves as a pointer or index in conjunction with a graduated scale formed on the upper end of the head 65 of the arm 60.

The cutter does not differ essentially from that described in my previous application hereinbetore referred to. It is indicated at and its cutting edge is formed by two faces at an acute angle to each other, its inner or clearance face being adapted to rest flat against the face of the work. The cutter is supported by a shoe 81 which is placed in a recess formed in the side of the cutter carrier. The shoe is provided with a pin 82 which acts as a stop or abutment for the end of the cutter 80, and the said shoe also has the ribs or flanges 83 84 which limit the outward play of the cutter. The carrier has a socket 453" to receive a pin 45 projecting down from the under side of the shoe, near its inner end, to hold the shoe against longitudinal movement on the carrier.

85 indicates the screw which assists in controlling position of the cutter and in limiting the lateral play of the lower portion thereof.

The shoe is provided with a lateral portion 86 which forms one of the chip deflectors, the coacting deflector being indicated at 87 as shown in Fig. 12. This deflector 87 is integral with and forms a part of a binding cap 88. Said cap rests upon the top of the cutter carrier an is secured thereto by a screw 89 and a socket nut 901 as illustrated in Fig. 10. The cutter carrier is pro- &

vided with longitudinal V-shaped rails and grooves 91, and the under side of the cap is formed complementally so that, when the clamping screw 89 is forced home, the cap is held tightly against lateral movement. The outer end of the cutter is held in place by a second binding cap which is indicated at 90. It is longitudinally slotted as indicated at 911 to receive the binding screw 92- on which is the washer or collar 93 which rests in a concave longitudinal depression in the top of the cap. Said cap is apertured to receive a headed pin 95, the lower end of which may be engaged with any one of a series of notches 96 in the upper edge of the shank of the cutter as shown in Fig. 11. The pin is dropped into one of the notches in the top of the cutter which may be nearest its location and then the cap with the pin in the notch is slid bodily forward with the cutter until the cutter reaches its positioning abutment 82, after which the binding screw 92 is driven home so as to bind the cap to the cutter carrier.

From the various figures of the drawings, it will be observed that the body portion of the frame is hollow so as to receive a supply of oil through a hole in the bottom of the tool. The oil is delivered from the cavities in the body through a port 98 adjacent the substantially vertical work rest. See Fig.8.

I desire to have it understood that the tool which I have illustrated and described may be varied in construction to suit the particular requirements, that the drawings are not working drawings but are intended merely as conventional illustrations of the embodiment of the invention which is described, and that the language which I have used in the specification and claims is for the purpose of description and not of limitation.

Having thus explained the nature of my said invention and described a way of constructing and using the same, although without attempting to set forth all of the forms in which it may be made or all of the modes of its use, I declare that what I claim 1s:

1. A turning tool comprising a body, a cutter carrier, means for positioning the cutter carrier in any one of several predetermined positions, and a compensating adjustment for adjusting the carrier after being located in any one of said positions.

2. A turning tool comprising a body, a cutter, a cutter carrier, a plurality of abutments for locating the cutter in any one of several positions, and means for adjusting the cutter carrier to compensate for wear of the cutter without disturbing said abutments.

3. A turning tool comprising a body, a cutter carrier pivoted thereto, a plurality of abutments, a supporting'arm for the free end of the cutter carrier adapted to be engaged with said abutments, and means for adjusting said arm relatively to said abutments.

4- A turning tool comprising a body, a cutter, a cutter carrier and a pivot for the cutter carrier whose axis is at an inclination so that, when the cutter carrier is oscillated about said axis, the cutting edge is moved transversely of the work and also longitudinally thereof.

5. A turning tool comprising a body, work rests supported by said body, a cutter, a cutter carrier, a pintle on which the cutter carrier is pivoted, and means for adjustingsaid cutter carrier longitudinally of said pintle and relatively to said work rests.

6. A turning tool comprising a body, acutter, a cutter carrier, a rotatable work rest having an end face to engage the work, a sleeve in which said work rest is journaled, said sleeve having a project-ion and a looking device in alinement with said projection, and a plurality of abutments arranged around the said sleeve and adapted to be engaged by said projection and the said locking device.

7 In a turning tool comprising a body, work rests on said body and adjustable on lines inclined with respect to the work axis, a cutter, a cutter carrier, and a pivot connecting said carrier to said body, said pivot being inclined with respect to the work axis, substantially as set forth.

8. A turning tool comprising a cutter carrier, a cutter, a shoe for the cutter having a chip-breaking member, a cutter-binding cap having a chip-breaking member complemental to the firstmentioned member, and means for securing said cap to said carrier.

9. A turning tool comprising a cutter carrier having a cutter-receiving recess, a cutter comprising a bar or shank in said recess, a cap on said cutter carrier taking over said shank, complemental ribs and grooves on the top of said carrier and under side of said cap, and a fastener for securing said cap to said carrier substantially as set forth.

10. A turning tool comprising a cutter carrier, a cutter thereon having a shank with transverse notches, a cutter-binding cap for securing said cutter to said carrier, and a second cutter binder having a movable lock to engage the notches in the cut-ter.

11. A turning tool comprising a cutter carrier, a cutter having a shank with transverse notches, a binder for securing said cutter on said carrier, and a movable pin on said binder for engagement with said notches.

12. A turning tool comprising a cutter carrier, a cutter having a shank with transverse notches, a binder for securing said cutter on said carrier, a screw passed through an elongated slot in said binder to means for locking said arm and said abut- 10 adjustably secure it to said carrier and a ment together. movable pin on said binder to engage said In testimony whereof I have afiixed my notchei signature, in presence of two witnesses.

13. turnin tool comprisin a body a 1 cutter carrier p ivoted thereto, a supporti ng JAMES HARTNESS' arm pivoted to said cutter carrier, an abut- Witnesses:

ment on said body adapted to be engaged by FRED B. GILL,

said arm to position the cutter carrier, and D. S. BROWNELL.

copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C. 

